Fire

A unique study on fire safety in hard rock underground mines with focus on heat release rates of mining vehicles is presented. A literature inventory was conducted with respect to fires in underground hard rock mines, which revealed that the most common fire cause in underground mines was flammable liquid sprayed onto hot surface and the most common fire object was a vehicle. A major concern was the lack of documented fire experiments in mining vehicles and heat release rate curves. It also revealed the limited research carried out on fire safety and fire development on vehicles found in hard rock underground mines.

The main purpose of this study is to develop operational procedures for fire brigades in road tunnels. Although much progress has been achieved in various fields of fire safety in tunnels, very little attention has been paid specifically to fire fighting in tunnels. This study is focused on obtaining more information concerning how effectively the fire brigade can fight road tunnel fires and what limitations and threats fire brigades may be faced with. This knowledge can help parties involved in tunnel safety to understand safety issues and enhance the level of fire safety in road tunnels

The report compiles the results from the METRO-project. The different parts of the project; design fires, evacuation, integrated fire control, smoke control, extraordinary strain on constructions and fire- and rescue operations are presented separately. The most complicated and expensive part of the project was the performance of the large scale fire and explosion tests in the Brunsberg tunnel.

The book is primarily intended for the training activities of the Swedish Rescue Services Agency. Chapters 1-4 include theoretical concepts of fi re ventilation, the fundamental principles for fire gases, pressure and temperature conditions in buildings. The book also describes how fire ventilation ought to be implemented in practice, which problems and opportunities can be expected when creating openings in different types of structures, and the essentials of positive pressure ventilation (chapters 5-8). In chapter 9 there is a general reasoning on tactics during fire ventilation. The final chapter in the book presents examples of fire fighting situations.

The aim of this book is to help provide a deeper understanding of how fi re behaves during enclosure fi res. It focuses on understanding the processes involved in an enclosure fi re. The main purpose, however, is not to look at how to actually fi ght this type of fi re, by using smoke venting or applying a particular extinguishing medium, for instance, even though appropriate actions like these will be discussed in some sections. When discussing fi refi ghting measures, reference will be made instead to relevant manuals dealing with smoke venting and extinguishing media.

A silo fire entails many dangers, including the risk of gas and dust explosions, which can both lead to serious injury to personnel and a risk of the fire spreading into the associated conveyor systems which can rapidly lead to extensive damage. The use of nitrogen gas is the methodology that is considered to minimize the risks of personal injury and property damage. Silo Fires are a result of an extensive knowledge collating project in this field, both through various research projects and through the transfer of knowledge from a number of real silo fires. This collective knowledge forms the foundation for the recommendations given in the book.